RIRS
RIRS is a minimally invasive kidney stone procedure. A flexible ureteroscope is advanced through the urinary tract into the kidney, where laser energy can fragment the stone.
Common Symptoms
Flank pain; blood in urine; nausea; recurrent urinary infection; symptoms related to stone obstruction.
Causes of RIRS
Kidney stones form when minerals crystallize in concentrated urine.
Risk Factors
Previous stones; low fluid intake; family history; dietary and metabolic factors.
Diagnosis
Urine and blood tests; ultrasound; CT or other imaging when required.
Treatment Options
RIRS; PCNL for larger or complex stones; observation or other stone treatment in selected patients.
Benefits of Treatment
No skin incision for the usual retrograde approach; precise treatment of suitable renal stones; minimally invasive.
Recovery & Aftercare
Temporary urinary symptoms or discomfort may occur. A stent may be used temporarily in selected cases.
Prevention
Hydration; stone-specific diet; metabolic evaluation for recurrent stones; follow-up imaging when advised.
Possible Complications
Infection; bleeding; residual fragments; ureteric injury or other uncommon procedure-related complications.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
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